Muffler.



Be it known that I, VERYQN B. Smm, cilizffn of the United States, and. a resdo: of ldtchogue, in the Count-y of Suok an #Siate of New York, have nvente a of which the following is a full, olea-r, @no exact description.

Among the pncpal objects which tf1@ miie? present invention has in View s to plo' headed 10 'for The eimdation of sound accompanying the rlschage of exhaust gases from imema combugon engines by absorbing 'Ehe Bort of the gases and thereby educilg the o paniffe orce thereof to avoid had@ assure 3 5 on the exhaust of enfin@ of he namvd anu o provide a, mu, or J i' '.x'm'h is Slmpllei and ooo hs speel o reference d lo Verdien g Civ dance ical lon@ i'ofm of ih ber provided with inlet and outlet ducts the inlet duct being connected with the exhaust of :in internal Combustion engine and the outlet duct being in communication with s body of liquid; an outlet for said chamber in open communiszation 'with .the etmosi pliere; and a series et ba@ plates to compel tlie escapiig gases to fellow tortuous path alternately expanding and contraetime;l

4. A muffler having au expansion einem ber; u contracted dome for sei. Chamber; an inlet to sait dome Connected meer the upper end thereof, suicl inlet being epee communication with the exneust :zu n termal combustion engi e; a wetel4 pipe to deliver into and crosswise said dome between the upper and delivery end et seid neme to this specification in the presence of 'two subscribing Witnesses.

TER-NGN B.

Witnesses AARON C. HORN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

COMPOSITION. FOB, WTERPEOOFING- CONCRETE.

No Drawing.

T 0 all whom it may concern.'

.Be it known that I, AARON C. HORN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented-certain new and useful Improvements in Composition for Waterproofing Concretes, of

which Afollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to a composition intended forwaterproo-ng cement and concrete and relates in particular to a iuent i or pasty composition, carrying a water-insoluble metallic soap, intimately incorporated with other waterproofing materials.

Inwaterprooing concrete and' cement iby what is known as the integral system, it is customary to incorporate small amounts of water soluble or water insoluble soaps. rlhewater soluble soaps eventually combine with the lime of the `cement to form a water in- 'soluble lime soap. The water insoluble soaps either pre-formed oi formed in the concrete mass are' often not permanent in their waterproon' properties, for, in the course of time, un er severe service conditions, some decomposition occurs which causes a reductionin the resistance of the mass to the ingressof moisture. This may be due partly to oxidationuand partly'to hydrolysis.

The present invention has for its object the production of a waterproofing composition, which is permanent in character and which, if desired, may be made in the form of a paste or uent material, suitable for incorporating with the water used for gaging the cement.

While water insoluble soaps are prone to hydrolysis or other degenerative changes under severe service conditions, such compounds are not so susceptible to hydrolytic action when fortied by the presence ofa drying oil, or other similar material.

The present invention vcomprises theV use of a water insoluble soap, such as calcium stearate, or stearates, oleates, palmitates, linoleates, ricinolates, ceretates and the-like of such bases as barium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, manganese, iron, alumina, copper, etc. As a fortifying agent, I preferably make use of a drying oil, in particular Chinese wood oil, or tung oil, but I may also employ other drying oils, such ,das linseed, or perilla oil, or the semi-drying oils, such Aas Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 311, i912.

Application filedvFebruary 28, 1912. Serial No. 680,525.

corn oil cotton seed oil and peanut oil, Boiled fish oil is also a useful fortifying agent. In addition to these oils which pos'- sess siccative properties to a greater or less degree, I also may use, to any desired extent, non-drying oils, such as petroleum oils of vario-us sorts, or coal tar oil, such as anthracene, or' I even may make use of additions p vtars, pitches, asphaltic bodies and the In order to secure an intimate incorporation of the water insoluble metallic soap vwith the oily fortifying agent, I provide an emulsion Jforming compound, which may be either. a water soluble soap, such as potassium stearate or sodium oleate, or other similar soapy bodies, including the water soluble soaps of cotton seed, corn, sh, linseed and other saponiable oils. Soaps may also be prepared from ordina-ry resin or similar resinous bodies by suitably saponifying. The emulsion forming agent may also be prepared from proteid material, such as glue orA casein. The latter body is well adapted to form emulsions in aqueous alkaline solutions. Another emulsifying agent, which is of a non-organic character is silicate of soda or Vthe corresponding potassium compound.

When proteid bodies such Vas casein are used, it is important to have present a preservative agent. Inasmuch as the waterproofing material is distributed through va very great mass of concrete and is thus highly attenuated, ordinary preservatives do not afford satisfactory results and it therefore becomes desirable to incorporate a preservative material which is capable of uniting with the casein compound so that a particle of preservative becomes attached to each particle o casein as it were, thereby exerting a 'preservative action, irrespective of the degree of attenuation ,of theV waferproong compound. Casein may be brought into aqueous solution' by means of an alkali such as ammonia, carbonate of 100 It is desirable to Y soda, borax and the like. use for this purpose a larger quantity of alkali than is desired in the final composition, Therefore I prefer to use an excess of alkall todissolve the casein Aand to subsequently 105 'neutralize aportion, at least, of the alkali vby the addition of a (llllntity ofacid after solved. Also it 1s the casein has been 

